Purpose: It is expected that over the next 10 to 15 years, demand for oncology services will increase, potentially surpassing the supply of available oncologists. Physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) have the potential to address the anticipated shortage in physician supply. The two objectives of this study were to define how National Cancer Institute (NCI) -designated comprehensive cancer centers use PAs/NPs and to pilot a self-reported PA/NP productivity tool.

Methods: An online survey addressing practice patterns and productivity in 4-hour outpatient oncology clinics was administered to PAs/NPs practicing at 15 National Comprehensive Cancer Network member institutions.

Results: A total of 206 PAs/NPs were included in the final analysis. NPs and PAs reported similar clinical activities, with the following exceptions: NPs reported spending more time on telephone triage, and PAs reported spending more time on procedures. Overall, PAs/NPs reported seeing more follow-up (mean, 6.1; standard deviation [SD], 3.5) than new patients (mean, 1.2; SD, 1.3) per clinic. NPs with a medical oncology specialty reported a marginally greater productivity among follow-up patients than did PAs. Otherwise, NPs and PAs saw a similar number of patients regardless of specialty.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study attempting to characterize PA/NP clinical activities and define productivity benchmarks at NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers. Given the increasing complexity of oncologic care and the increased population of patients with cancer and cancer survivors requiring that care, PAs/NPs have the potential to fill important roles in both outpatient and inpatient care settings.