Lack of third-party reimbursement is one of the major impediments to the use of nurse practitioner services. Although NPs have been successful in obtaining third-party reimbursement under some health care plans, barriers still exist, such as opposition by medical societies, procedural problems and restrictive interpretations of state licensure laws. Consumer education about available health care and legislative involvement of NPs are two ways to attain third-party reimbursement for NPs. However, NPs first must have a clear understanding of third-party reimbursement, including how it is mandated and which providers and services are covered, before they can educate the consumer and become involved with legislation.