Recognition of clinical expertise seems to be a worldwide struggle for nurses. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, nurse practitioners (NPs) are currently struggling for formal recognition of their position. The role of NP is seen as a means of fulfilling the desire of expert nurses for optimal autonomy and recognition in the health care system. This article examines advanced nursing practice within the context of the Australian health care system and the NP movement in NSW, including the pilot projects conducted. Discussion includes contentious issues such as nurse-prescribed medications, Medicare funding, and support for the NP role from within the nursing and medical professions.